Full video

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[Music]

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the present

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simple tense is a very useful tense

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and it talks about a very big

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time on the timeline of

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events as you can see in this diagram

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there are five important situations

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to use the present simple tense

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first is to provide personal

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information for example my name

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is hannah i am 26 years old

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i like chocolate all of these are

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present simple tense

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we also use this tense to provide

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facts or something that is always true

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for example the world is round

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the capital of england is london

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and english is a language the third

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situation is a regular event

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a habit something you do very often

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for example i play tennis every saturday

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i go to the cinema every day or

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i celebrate my birthday every year

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the fourth situation is for future

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events for example she has

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english class tomorrow the restaurant

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opens at 7 00 p.m tonight

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and the train leaves this afternoon

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all of these are in the future but there

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is a special

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time phrase that helps us explain

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this is in the future tomorrow tonight

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the fifth situation is a little bit more

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difficult

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this is with stative verbs

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a static verb is a special type of verb

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that explains a feeling an emotion

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a sense there is a long list of static

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verbs in

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english we have attached this list in a

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document

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underneath this video you don't need to

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know

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all of these verbs and their definitions

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at beginner level in english but

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as you progress it's important to think

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oh maybe that's a stative verb and that

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is why this is different

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when we learn a tense in english we do

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this with

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the personal pronouns remember there are

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seven personal pronouns in english

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i

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and we will use these personal pronouns

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for every form of the verb to start with

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the present simple in the affirmative

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we are going to use the example verb to

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read

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the form is i read

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you read he reads she reads

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it reads we read and they read

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you will notice that the verb changes

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with he she it there is an additional

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s at the end let's review

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another verb talk i talk

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you talk he talks she talks

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it talks we talk and they talk

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again there is an additional s at the

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end

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so this is the rule for the present

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simple tense

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in the affirmative positive we add

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an s in the he she

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and it forms let's review another verb

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watch this is iwatch you watch

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he watches she watches

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it watches we watch and they watch

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this is a little bit different because

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we don't have

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s in the he she it form

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we have e s instead let's review

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another example go i go

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you go he goes she goes

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it goes we go and they go

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this is the same we also have e

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s with the he she it form

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what is happening what is the rule

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when the last letters of the

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infinitive verb are x

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z s c h

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o and s h then we add

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e s in the he she it form

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this is very similar to the plural rule

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this is why watch adds e s to he she

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it because the last letters are ch

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watch the same for go this is why we add

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e s in the he she it form

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because go ends in o now let's move on

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to

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a different rule in the affirmative

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we're going to use this example verb

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study this form is i study

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you study he studies she studies

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it studies we study and they study

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this is completely different we have

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i e s and there is no y

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when the last letter is y

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then we first eliminate this y

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we do not want this y so we have stud

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and then we add i e s

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and now we have studies remember

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this is only the he it

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form you might notice this is

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very similar to the plural rule in

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english let's review another example

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fly i fly you fly

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he flies she flies it flies

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we fly and they fly this

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ends in y so we eliminate

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that y and then we add i e

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and this is why we have he she it

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flies written like this

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we are going to review one more verb

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this also

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ends in y play i play

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you play he plays she plays

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it plays we play and they play

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this ends in y but we haven't

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followed the same rule a study and fly

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here we only add s

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what is happening so we have these two

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verbs

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play and study and the final letter

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in both words is why but the present

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simple form

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is different let's analyze the

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penultimate letter in play

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this is a and in study

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this is d a in play

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is a vowel and d in study

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is a consonant and this is why it's

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different if it is vowel plus y

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we add s in the he she

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it forms if it is consonant

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plus y then we eliminate

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y and add i e s

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to the end of the he she it forms

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only and this is why it's a little bit

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more difficult

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if the last letter is y so let's

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quickly summarize all of those present

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simple

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affirmative rules normally we

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add s in the he she it forms

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like with the verb read but

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if the verb ends in ch sh

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z x s or o

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like go then we add e s

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in the he sheet form and if the last

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letter is

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y we have two options consonant

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plus y eliminate the y add i

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e s like study only in the he she it

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forms

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and vowel plus y is simply and s

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the normal rule every single verb

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in english follows these affirmative

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rules but there are two exception verbs

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have and be the verb

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have changes in the he she it form

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i have you have he

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has she has it has

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we have they have and you should already

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know the verb to be

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which is i am you are he

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is she is it is we are

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and they are to learn the negative

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of the present simple let's return to

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our example verb read remember this is

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personal pronoun

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plus the verb so how do we convert this

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from an affirmative sentence into a

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negative sentence

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we insert an extra verb the technical

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term for this

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is an auxiliary verb and this

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verb is do or in the negative

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don't and this would be i don't

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plus the infinitive form

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of the verb so we do not change this

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verb

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i don't read you don't read

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for he she it the verb don't

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changes to doesn't she doesn't

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read really important this is the

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infinitive

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not reads read he

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doesn't read it doesn't read

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we don't read and they don't read

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the negative is really easy in english

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because it's the same

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for every single verb

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even the exceptions in the affirmative

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let's take a look for example go

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i don't go you don't go he

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she it doesn't go we don't go

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they don't go the verb go does not

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change

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the same for study i don't study you

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don't study

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he she it doesn't study

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we don't study and they don't study

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remember we had some exception verbs

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to have this was a little bit different

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in the affirmative but in the negative

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it's the same

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i don't have you don't have

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he she it doesn't have

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we don't have they don't have

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the only verb that is completely

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different

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is the verb to be but you should already

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know this at your level this is i'm not

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you aren't he isn't she isn't

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it isn't we aren't and they

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aren't to ask a question in the present

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simple tense

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is quite a difficult thing to do

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because there are four structures that

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we can use

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let's review each structure individually

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and we'll start with quasi we use the

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acronym

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quasi to help you remember the structure

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question word auxiliary verb

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subject and infinitive verb let's review

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an example a question word what

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auxiliary verb is very similar to the

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negative

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this uses do or does

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then the s is the subject this is a

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different way of saying the personal

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pronoun

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i you he she it we and they

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and finally we have the infinitive verb

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for example like an example question

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could be

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what do you like what

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does he like all four parts and we can

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replace

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the question word and the infinitive

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verb to change the meaning of the

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question

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for example where do you live where

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does she live the second question

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structure

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is quas and this is question word

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auxiliary verb subject but

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the auxiliary verb is different this is

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not the verb to do this is the verb

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to be for example who am i

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who are you who is he

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who is she who is it who are we

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and who are they you can replace the

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question

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word with any question word for example

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where am i where is he the third

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question structure

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is assy this has three parts

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auxiliary verb subject infinitive verb

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here we return back to the verb

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to do and we have an infinitive verb at

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the end

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for example do you sing does he sing

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and we can replace the infinitive verb

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to change the question for example do i

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dance do they dance and the final

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question structure

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is really short as this only has

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two question parts auxiliary verb

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subject

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the auxiliary verb is the verb to be

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here

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and always after these questions there

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will be

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some additional information to complete

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the question

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for example am i happy is he

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happy or am i a teacher

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are you a teacher so we have all four

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question structures when do we use

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each one this is quite a difficult thing

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to understand

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the first thing we want to ask is do we

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need

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a question word yes or no

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if we ask for specific information

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then we need a question word for example

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if we ask about

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a place we need where if we

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ask about a time we need when a person

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we need who

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these are all the question words you

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should already know

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if you only want a yes or a no

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answer then we don't need a question

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word

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we just need an auxiliary verb so

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you really need to understand

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what do you want to ask specific

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information

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yes you need a question word not

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specific information just yes or no

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then no question word

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the question structures with a question

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word

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are quasi and quas and no question word

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as see and as now we need to ask

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an additional question to separate

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these four structures

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the verb to be is very selfish

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in english it does not play with other

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verbs

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so we use the question structures

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quas and as with the verb to

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be is the auxiliary verb when there are

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no other verbs in the sentence

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remember our examples who

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am i quas structure

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there is no other verb who am

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verb to be i no other verb

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the same as the as structure

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am i a teacher there are no

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other verbs if there is an additional

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verb

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in the question we can use the quasi

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and the assy structures

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so to decide the correct question

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structure

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in the present simple you need to know

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what you want to ask do you want a

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question word

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and is there another verb in the

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question

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let's analyze some example questions to

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understand this for example

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what type of music do you listen to our

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structure here

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is what type of music which is a very

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long question word

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do which is our auxiliary verb

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you which is the subject and then listen

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which is our infinitive verb so this

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is a quasi structure if we put this

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on our question tree do we want a

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question word

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yes is there another verb yes

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quasi another example where are you

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from where question word

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are auxiliary verb verb to be

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and you subject from is just

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additional information this is the quas

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structure there are no other verbs

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in the question is there a question word

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yes is there another verb no

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cause structure if we do not

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ask for specific information in english

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so no

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question word we just want a yes or a no

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answer then we need to use a short

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response so this will be a response to

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an assy or an as question

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if i ask you the question do you like

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chocolate

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you can respond yes

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but this is not very nice in

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english yes or no

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it's very basic very simple and

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sometimes a little bit rude

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so we create a special structure

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to say the same information yes

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or no but in a nice and

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a polite way let's take this example

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do you like chocolate if i respond yes

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i say yes then we say the subject

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for the person who is talking yes

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i and then the auxiliary

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verb and the auxiliary verb is the one

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in the question in the question do you

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like chocolate

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do this is the auxiliary verb

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so my response is yes i do

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this is lovely really nice

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really polite in english do you like

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chocolate

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yes i do and in the negative we change

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the yes to no

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and the verb becomes negative too

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do you like chocolate no i

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don't again it's nice and polite

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if it's a different auxiliary verb the

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verb to be

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for example are you happy then our

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response needs the verb to be

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for example are you happy yes i

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am this is the verb to be and in the

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negative

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are you happy no i'm not

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so to review the short responses in

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english this is

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only with no question word in the

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question

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and we say yes or no plus the subject

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and then the auxiliary verb which can be

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do or b